Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse requires a competent approach. This is a whole complex of necessary measures: timely watering, fertilizing, garters and the formation of clusters of tomatoes, hoeing soil, pest control and other important works.
Hardening of tomato seedlings
Begin hardening should be 2-3 hours for the first 3-4 days, then you can make plant for a whole day.
Preparation of seedlings for planting
One of the most important conditions for normal development of plants – preparation of seedlings.
About two weeks before planting begins its hardening. In the room where it is grown, it is necessary to open the vents and leave them in this position day and night. If the days are warm and Sunny, the seedlings can be put outdoors. Start with 2-3 hours for the first 3-4 days, then you can make plant for a whole day. When the weather allows, leave them for the night. When hardening of seedlings takes place in greenhouses, in good weather, it is necessary to remove the frame. If the plant is well tempered, it has a slightly purple hue.
Before planting of tomato seedlings should be treated with Bordeaux mixture. This will help protect the tomatoes from diseases. The seedlings have taken root better and grow faster first flower brush, you need to cut 1-2 of the bottom sheet for two days before planting. To preserve the flower buds on the first brush will help spraying a boron solution, which must be held for 4-5 days before planting. Solution is prepared in the proportion: 1 g of boric acid diluted in 1 l of water.
Seedlings of tomatoes, ready to "move" into the greenhouse, must be with thick stems, buds at first brush, with well-developed root system and to have a height characteristic of its varieties.
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Soil preparation in the greenhouse
Diagram of the formation of Bush tomato
Diagram of the formation of the Bush tomato.
About a week before transplanting, you need to prepare the beds. How many of them will be, as well as their height and width depend on the size greenhouse, but do not make them above 30-40 cm and 60-90 cm wider Should be noted that the distance between the holes should be at least 35-40 cm Extreme holes in a row should not be closer than 40 cm to the walls of the greenhouse. It is necessary to set the passage between the beds is not less than 50 cm.
Plant tomatoes when the soil warms up to 13-15 degrees at a depth of 12-15 cm. to verify this, you can use an ordinary household thermometer. It needs to be submerged in the ground for 10-15 minutes and check the indicators. If everything is in order, you can start to plant tomatoes. In such conditions, the seedlings will take root much faster, stronger root system.
A week before you plan to plant tomatoes, you need to prepare the hole. This will give the opportunity to warm up the soil at the depth faster. Width and depth depend on the variety of tomatoes. For the highest grades of the width and the depth should be 30 cm, for other of 20 cm In each well should add fertilizer: 2 liter jars with a mixture of peat humus and one Cup of ash. Pour it all need one liter of solution of potassium permanganate.
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Transplanting tomatoes
Remove side shoots of tomatoes
Remove side shoots of tomatoes.
Before boarding should fill the hole with warm water to make liquid mud, into which you need to plant tomatoes. If seedlings are well formed, we need to put it vertically, buried no more than 2-3 cm, the seedlings Became stronger deepening. Prepared hole depth up to 25 cm is another, small-sized planting pot. Well a small hole poured with hot water, and only after this landed biggest the tomato. Transfer pot is buried 2-3 cm. it Turns out that the plant sits in a big hole. Then in that hole, every 2-3 days, is added a mixture of peat with humus, but not more than 2-3 cm per supplementary feeding. So there is a gradual penetration and the plant formed a new root system. The tomato is developing nicely, he formed the first brush.
Immediately after planting tomatoes, they cannot be watered. The soil around the planted plants compacted and immediately multimedia dry soil. The layer should be at least 4-5 cm. It also can not be watered, to prevent the formation of crust on the surface. To reduce evaporation from the ground the aisle carefully reglada. Such a course of action during transplanting to settle down. Watering every day is not necessary.
After planting the seedlings, immediately remove the leaves that touch the ground. This should be done in the morning so that by evening, the wound in place of a sheet has had time to dry out.
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The scheme of planting of tomato seedlings
Growing tomatoes on trellis
Mounting options on trellis: 1. Easy, 2. More rigid 3. The garter of the stem at the bottom 4. Garter “free” loop
How is planting tomatoes in the greenhouse depends mainly on the varieties and methods of forming plants. The best option would be planting early maturing dwarf varieties, emerging in two to three stalks in two rows, using the chess order. The distance between rows not less than 50-55 cm Between the tomatoes, the minimum distance of 40 cm.
Stam and determinantal varieties, forming one stem, is also thrown in two rows using the checkerboard procedure. Between the rows the distance is at least 50 cm, between plants is not more than 25 cm Such scheme gives the chance to put about 10 plants in one square meter. But with such a landing needs careful care, to prevent thickening.
As for tall varieties, if growing one stem, the distance between them should be a minimum of 75-80 cm, and the tomatoes must be at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other; if the cultivation of the stem in two, between the plants must be a distance of 65-75 cm
In order for the greenhouse to combine the cultivation of early maturing cultivars with determinate and tall, you can use the following scheme. Seedlings have two rows. The first row near the wall is determinate early maturing varieties, with distance between plants about 40 cm They are formed in one stem. Top stepson is transferred to the stem.
In the second row near the aisle you plant tall tomatoes at the distance of 55-60 cm from each other. They are formed in one stem. In between, in increments of 25 cm, Stam plant determinate varieties that are usually formed only one stem. They need to make pinched after the second brush so that it only 2-3 of the sheet. While will grow tall tomatoes, ripening with you to gather all the harvest and remove the plants from the greenhouse.
We cannot allow dense planting. Ideal for plants, when every leaf is covered. All the shoots and the lower leaves should promptly be removed. This will have a positive impact on the lighting and the ventilation, reduce the risk of disease and accelerate the fruiting stage. How many brushes will the tall plants and the number of fruits per cluster, depends only on varietal characteristics.
Back to table of contents
Caring for tomatoes in the greenhouse
At first care of seedlings is reduced to loosening the soil and maintaining the required temperature. In the first 12-14 days of watering tomatoes is not necessary. After this period, watering is resumed. How much water you need will depend on the age of plants and the weather. On average you can spend from 5 to 20 liters of water at a time per 1 m2, be sure to warm at least 20 degrees. Water the plants need to completely soak the ground and so that water falling on the leaves. Before the start of the fruiting period, watering is rare, but abundant. Once the start fill first brush, watering takes place twice a week in small portions. The humidity in the greenhouse should not exceed 60 %, otherwise there is a chance of diseases.
10-12 days after planting need to tie up plants. You can take a twine, which is fixed to the trellis wire. At the same time is being formed.
Once after planting of tomatoes will be 20 days, you need to hold the first feeding. To do this, the bucket of water need to dissolve 15 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium sulfate. Use on each plant 1 liter of solution. This dressing is carried out after 2-3 weeks, the final 25 days before the end of the growing season. After the period of tomato fruiting, the amount of ammonium nitrate is brought to 40 grams of potassium sulfate to 60 g, and with regard to superphosphate, the quantity is reduced to 30 g in a bucket of water.
These simple rules will allow you to form strong plants and a good yield of tomatoes.
Hardening of tomato seedlings
Begin hardening should be 2-3 hours for the first 3-4 days, then you can make plant for a whole day.
Preparation of seedlings for planting
One of the most important conditions for normal development of plants – preparation of seedlings.
About two weeks before planting begins its hardening. In the room where it is grown, it is necessary to open the vents and leave them in this position day and night. If the days are warm and Sunny, the seedlings can be put outdoors. Start with 2-3 hours for the first 3-4 days, then you can make plant for a whole day. When the weather allows, leave them for the night. When hardening of seedlings takes place in greenhouses, in good weather, it is necessary to remove the frame. If the plant is well tempered, it has a slightly purple hue.
Before planting of tomato seedlings should be treated with Bordeaux mixture. This will help protect the tomatoes from diseases. The seedlings have taken root better and grow faster first flower brush, you need to cut 1-2 of the bottom sheet for two days before planting. To preserve the flower buds on the first brush will help spraying a boron solution, which must be held for 4-5 days before planting. Solution is prepared in the proportion: 1 g of boric acid diluted in 1 l of water.
Seedlings of tomatoes, ready to "move" into the greenhouse, must be with thick stems, buds at first brush, with well-developed root system and to have a height characteristic of its varieties.
Back to table of contents
Soil preparation in the greenhouse
Diagram of the formation of Bush tomato
Diagram of the formation of the Bush tomato.
About a week before transplanting, you need to prepare the beds. How many of them will be, as well as their height and width depend on the size greenhouse, but do not make them above 30-40 cm and 60-90 cm wider Should be noted that the distance between the holes should be at least 35-40 cm Extreme holes in a row should not be closer than 40 cm to the walls of the greenhouse. It is necessary to set the passage between the beds is not less than 50 cm.
Plant tomatoes when the soil warms up to 13-15 degrees at a depth of 12-15 cm. to verify this, you can use an ordinary household thermometer. It needs to be submerged in the ground for 10-15 minutes and check the indicators. If everything is in order, you can start to plant tomatoes. In such conditions, the seedlings will take root much faster, stronger root system.
A week before you plan to plant tomatoes, you need to prepare the hole. This will give the opportunity to warm up the soil at the depth faster. Width and depth depend on the variety of tomatoes. For the highest grades of the width and the depth should be 30 cm, for other of 20 cm In each well should add fertilizer: 2 liter jars with a mixture of peat humus and one Cup of ash. Pour it all need one liter of solution of potassium permanganate.
Back to table of contents
Transplanting tomatoes
Remove side shoots of tomatoes
Remove side shoots of tomatoes.
Before boarding should fill the hole with warm water to make liquid mud, into which you need to plant tomatoes. If seedlings are well formed, we need to put it vertically, buried no more than 2-3 cm, the seedlings Became stronger deepening. Prepared hole depth up to 25 cm is another, small-sized planting pot. Well a small hole poured with hot water, and only after this landed biggest the tomato. Transfer pot is buried 2-3 cm. it Turns out that the plant sits in a big hole. Then in that hole, every 2-3 days, is added a mixture of peat with humus, but not more than 2-3 cm per supplementary feeding. So there is a gradual penetration and the plant formed a new root system. The tomato is developing nicely, he formed the first brush.
Immediately after planting tomatoes, they cannot be watered. The soil around the planted plants compacted and immediately multimedia dry soil. The layer should be at least 4-5 cm. It also can not be watered, to prevent the formation of crust on the surface. To reduce evaporation from the ground the aisle carefully reglada. Such a course of action during transplanting to settle down. Watering every day is not necessary.
After planting the seedlings, immediately remove the leaves that touch the ground. This should be done in the morning so that by evening, the wound in place of a sheet has had time to dry out.
Back to table of contents
The scheme of planting of tomato seedlings
Growing tomatoes on trellis
Mounting options on trellis: 1. Easy, 2. More rigid 3. The garter of the stem at the bottom 4. Garter “free” loop
How is planting tomatoes in the greenhouse depends mainly on the varieties and methods of forming plants. The best option would be planting early maturing dwarf varieties, emerging in two to three stalks in two rows, using the chess order. The distance between rows not less than 50-55 cm Between the tomatoes, the minimum distance of 40 cm.
Stam and determinantal varieties, forming one stem, is also thrown in two rows using the checkerboard procedure. Between the rows the distance is at least 50 cm, between plants is not more than 25 cm Such scheme gives the chance to put about 10 plants in one square meter. But with such a landing needs careful care, to prevent thickening.
As for tall varieties, if growing one stem, the distance between them should be a minimum of 75-80 cm, and the tomatoes must be at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other; if the cultivation of the stem in two, between the plants must be a distance of 65-75 cm
In order for the greenhouse to combine the cultivation of early maturing cultivars with determinate and tall, you can use the following scheme. Seedlings have two rows. The first row near the wall is determinate early maturing varieties, with distance between plants about 40 cm They are formed in one stem. Top stepson is transferred to the stem.
In the second row near the aisle you plant tall tomatoes at the distance of 55-60 cm from each other. They are formed in one stem. In between, in increments of 25 cm, Stam plant determinate varieties that are usually formed only one stem. They need to make pinched after the second brush so that it only 2-3 of the sheet. While will grow tall tomatoes, ripening with you to gather all the harvest and remove the plants from the greenhouse.
We cannot allow dense planting. Ideal for plants, when every leaf is covered. All the shoots and the lower leaves should promptly be removed. This will have a positive impact on the lighting and the ventilation, reduce the risk of disease and accelerate the fruiting stage. How many brushes will the tall plants and the number of fruits per cluster, depends only on varietal characteristics.
Back to table of contents
Caring for tomatoes in the greenhouse
At first care of seedlings is reduced to loosening the soil and maintaining the required temperature. In the first 12-14 days of watering tomatoes is not necessary. After this period, watering is resumed. How much water you need will depend on the age of plants and the weather. On average you can spend from 5 to 20 liters of water at a time per 1 m2, be sure to warm at least 20 degrees. Water the plants need to completely soak the ground and so that water falling on the leaves. Before the start of the fruiting period, watering is rare, but abundant. Once the start fill first brush, watering takes place twice a week in small portions. The humidity in the greenhouse should not exceed 60 %, otherwise there is a chance of diseases.
10-12 days after planting need to tie up plants. You can take a twine, which is fixed to the trellis wire. At the same time is being formed.
Once after planting of tomatoes will be 20 days, you need to hold the first feeding. To do this, the bucket of water need to dissolve 15 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium sulfate. Use on each plant 1 liter of solution. This dressing is carried out after 2-3 weeks, the final 25 days before the end of the growing season. After the period of tomato fruiting, the amount of ammonium nitrate is brought to 40 grams of potassium sulfate to 60 g, and with regard to superphosphate, the quantity is reduced to 30 g in a bucket of water.
These simple rules will allow you to form strong plants and a good yield of tomatoes.
